# 에이전트를 위한 오류 복구 오류는 발생합니다. 네트워크 실패, API 500 반환, Mind Key 만료. 이 가이드는 LLM 에이전트가 오류를 우아하게 처리하고 학습하는 방법을 보여줍니다. ## 오류 처리 원칙 1. **백오프로 재시도** — 일시적 오류는 종종 해결됨 2. **오류 저장** — 패턴으로부터 학습 3. **우아한 저하** — 전체 세션을 충돌시키지 마십시오 4. **사람에게 알림** — 해결할 수 없는 오류의 경우 ## HTTP 오류 처리 ### 지수 백오프로 재시도 ```python import time import requests def call_with_retry(url, max_retries=3, backoff_base=2): """Call URL with exponential backoff.""" for attempt in range(max_retries): try: r = requests.get(url, headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {KEY}"}) # Success if r.status_code < 400: return r # Rate limited — wait and retry if r.status_code == 429: wait = int(r.headers.get("Retry-After", 60)) print(f"Rate limited. Waiting {wait}s...") time.sleep(wait) continue # Server error — retry with backoff if r.status_code >= 500: wait = backoff_base ** attempt print(f"Server error {r.status_code}. Retrying in {wait}s...") time.sleep(wait) continue # Client error — don't retry if 400 <= r.status_code < 500: raise ClientError(f"{r.status_code}: {r.text}") except requests.RequestException as e: # Network error — retry wait = backoff_base ** attempt print(f"Network error: {e}. Retrying in {wait}s...") time.sleep(wait) raise MaxRetriesError(f"Failed after {max_retries} retries") ``` ### 인증 오류 처리 ```python def safe_call(url): """Call with auth error handling.""" try: return call_with_retry(url) except ClientError as e: if "401" in str(e): # Mind Key invalid — critical, can't recover store_error("auth_invalid", str(e), "Check Mind Key") notify_human("My Mind Key is invalid. Please update.") raise AuthError("Cannot continue without valid Mind Key") elif "403" in str(e): store_error("forbidden", str(e), "Wrong token type?") raise ForbiddenError(str(e)) elif "404" in str(e): # Path doesn't exist — don't retry store_error("not_found", str(e), "Check endpoint path") raise NotFoundError(str(e)) else: raise ``` ## 오류를 메모리로 저장 오류가 발생하면, 미래 세션이 학습할 수 있도록 저장: ```python def store_error(error_type, error_message, recovery_hint=""): """Store an error as a memory for future reference.""" requests.post(f"{URL}/memory", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {KEY}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}, json={ "category": "mistake", "key": f"error_{error_type}_{int(time.time())}", "content": f"Error: {error_type}\nMessage: {error_message}\nRecovery: {recovery_hint}", "tags": ["error", error_type], "priority": "high" }) # Example try: deploy() except DeployError as e: store_error("deploy_failed", str(e), "Check CI logs, verify Docker image exists") raise ``` ## 일반적인 오류 시나리오 ### 시나리오 1: Mind Key 무효 ```python # Detection: 401 on every call # Recovery: Cannot recover — need human intervention def handle_invalid_mind_key(): store_error("mind_key_invalid", "All API calls returning 401", "Mind Key may be revoked. Need new key.") # Notify human via chat (if possible) try: reply("⚠️ My Mind Key is invalid. I cannot access memories. " "Please check and update SYNAPSE_MIND_KEY.") except: pass # Chat may also fail with bad key # Exit gracefully raise CriticalError("Cannot continue without valid Mind Key") ``` ### 시나리오 2: 네트워크 오류 ```python # Detection: ConnectionError, Timeout # Recovery: Retry with backoff, then degrade def handle_network_error(url, retry=3): for attempt in range(retry): try: return requests.get(url, timeout=10) except (requests.ConnectionError, requests.Timeout) as e: wait = 2 ** attempt print(f"Network error, retrying in {wait}s: {e}") time.sleep(wait) # All retries failed — degrade store_error("network_failure", f"Cannot reach {url}", "Check internet connection, Synapse may be down") # Work offline if possible return work_offline() ``` ### 시나리오 3: 속도 제한 ```python # Detection: 429 with Retry-After header # Recovery: Wait and retry, or switch to header auth def handle_rate_limit(response): retry_after = int(response.headers.get("Retry-After", 60)) print(f"Rate limited. Waiting {retry_after}s...") time.sleep(retry_after) # If this keeps happening, suggest switching to header auth if has_query_param_auth(url): store_error("rate_limited", "Frequent 429s with ?key= auth", "Switch to Authorization: Bearer header (no rate limit)") ``` ### 시나리오 4: 서버 오류 (5xx) ```python # Detection: 500, 502, 503 # Recovery: Retry with backoff, check /health def handle_server_error(url): # Check if server is up health = requests.get(f"{URL}/health") if health.status_code != 200: store_error("server_down", "Synapse health check failing", "Wait for server recovery") raise ServerDownError() # Retry with backoff return call_with_retry(url, max_retries=5) ``` ### 시나리오 5: 도구 호출 실패 ```python # Detection: Tool returns error content # Recovery: Try alternative approach, store failure def call_tool_safely(tool_name, args, alternatives=None): try: result = call_tool(tool_name, args) if result.get("isError"): raise ToolError(result["content"]) return result except ToolError as e: store_error(f"tool_{tool_name}_failed", f"Args: {args}\nError: {e}", f"Try: {alternatives or 'no alternatives'}") # Try alternatives if alternatives: for alt in alternatives: try: return call_tool(alt, args) except: continue raise ``` ## 패턴: 서킷 브레이커 반복 실패의 경우, 일시적으로 시도 중지: ```python class CircuitBreaker: def __init__(self, threshold=5, reset_time=300): self.failures = 0 self.threshold = threshold self.reset_time = reset_time self.last_failure = 0 def call(self, fn, *args, **kwargs): if self.failures >= self.threshold: if time.time() - self.last_failure < self.reset_time: raise CircuitOpenError("Circuit breaker open") else: # Reset self.failures = 0 try: result = fn(*args, **kwargs) self.failures = 0 # Reset on success return result except: self.failures += 1 self.last_failure = time.time() raise # Usage breaker = CircuitBreaker(threshold=5) try: result = breaker.call(api_call, url) except CircuitOpenError: print("Too many failures, waiting before retry") ``` ## 모범 사례 > [!TIP] > - **일시적 오류는 항상 재시도** — 네트워크 실패, 서버 딸꾹질 > - **클라이언트 오류 (4xx)는 재시도하지 마십시오** — 자체 수정되지 않음 > - **오류를 메모리로 저장** — 패턴으로부터 학습 > - **중요 오류는 사람에게 알림** — 알아야 함 > - **우아하게 저하** — 부분 작업이 충돌보다 나음 > - **서킷 브레이커 사용** — 실패하는 서비스를 반복 호출하지 마십시오 ## 다음 단계 - [오류 API 참조](/docs/api/errors) - [세션 시작 패턴](/docs/llm-cookbook/session-start-pattern) - [자가 치유 테스트](/docs/guides/self-healing-tests)